1. Shahnameh (The Book of Kings) by Abolqasem Ferdowsi
Written in the 10th century, this is our Iliad and Odyssey rolled into one. More than 30 years in the writing, this epic poem contains 60,000 verses and tells the mythical – and actual – history of Iran, from the Creation until the Muslim conquest of Iran in the 7th century. This work saved and recorded Iranian national identity, and was responsible for keeping our language – and culture – distinct from the Arabs'. It contains not just heroic tales of battle but also love stories and philosophical tracts. This is our reference to all things pre-Arabic – as well a favourite place to find a baby's name.
2. Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood and Persepolis 2: The Story of a Return by Marjane Satrapi
These graphic stories are splendid – not just in their deceptively simple black and white drawings, but in the way Satrapi manages to tell the story of the revolution in Iran and her subsequent exile and return from the irreverent point of view of the rebellious child that she was. The history of Iran presented in her book is not exactly objective but no matter, these books are funny and moving.
3. The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran by Roy Mottahedeh
First published in 1985, Harvard professor Mottahedeh's book is a must-read for anyone interested not just in Ayatollah Khomeini, the roots of the revolution and the origins of the Islamic Republic, but for fans of a good novel too – it's written as compellingly as a good thriller. He sets the biography of Khomeini against the backdrop of Iranian religious thought, from Zoroaster to key modern-day Islamic thinkers, contextualising our modern history – and his style is a pleasure to read.
4. The Conference of the Birds by Farid Attar
In Iran there are a whole host of mystical medieval poets and thinkers – Rumi, Hafez, Sa'adi, Khayyam – each one a Shakespeare in their own right, so it is hard to pick just one. The Conference of the Birds is a 12th-century masterpiece, written by another Persian Sufi, Attar. It is an allegorical 4,500-line poem telling the tale of when all the birds of the world gathered to try and find a just ruler. Setting out the mystical doctrine of Sufism in rhyming couplets, it is a deeply spiritual piece of work which can also be enjoyed as pure literature.
5. The Story of Leyla and Majnun by Nizami
The most famous telling of a celebrated love story, this 12th-century epic is thought to have inspired everyone from Shakespeare (Romeo and Juliet) to Derek and the Dominos (who named their album after Leyla). Of course, in the great Iranian mystical tradition, it is also an allegory of the soul's search for God.